Reasons why gel polish peels off quickly from the nail

Gel polish quickly peels off from the nail for several reasons: due to the fault of the master (process technology is violated, low-quality materials are used), due to the fault of the “owner” of the decorative coating (mechanical impact, shock, violation of care rules) and due to natural factors (diabetes, pregnancy, applying gel polish during the current period, taking antibiotics).

By removing provoking factors and following precise manicure technology, you can prevent peeling of the decorative coating.

There are several ways to correct the resulting flaws: completely change the gel polish, use decorations such as rhinestones, stickers, or disguise a small chip with varnish of a similar or contrasting color. The manicure will no longer be flawless, but the problem area will be hidden from others.

Why does gel polish peel off quickly from the nail: the main reasons

The reasons for the rapid peeling of gel polish from the nail may be the technician’s mistakes when performing the work and ignoring the rules for caring for the decorative coating by the girl/woman herself.

In addition to the listed reasons for the rapid detachment of gel polish, it is worth paying attention to the general health of the woman: some internal pathologies provoke the occurrence of this problem even if the master performs his work strictly according to technology and using high-quality materials.

There is no need to hope for the promised result after a manicure with gel polish if the client has a history of diabetes, heart and vascular diseases, various hormonal disorders, or the woman is taking antibacterial drugs as part of the therapy.

We recommend reading the article about the difference between gel polish and shellac. From it you will learn what is the difference between gel polish and shellac, what is better and what is more harmful, and also how to extend the wearing period. And here is more information about how to do a French manicure with gel polish.

Shellac nail polish

Shellac is a type of gel nail polish. Creates a stable and even coating that is similar in layer thickness to regular varnish. Shellac lasts 2-3 weeks and protects the nail from external adverse influences. Under cover it grows strong and healthy.

Features of shellac:

• has a wide palette of colors: matte and glossy shades, with mother-of-pearl and sparkles;
• gives the nail plate the desired shape;
• Preparation for applying shellac requires minimal effort: surface disinfection and easy cutting of the nail plate;
• does not emit any odor when applied;
• does not contain harmful components;
• shellac hardens quickly under a UV lamp - about 2 minutes, the entire manicure process takes 40-60 minutes;
• after application for 2 weeks: does not lose color brightness, does not deform;
• can be easily removed using a liquid product – no cutting of the nail and accompanying mechanical damage are required;
• no break is required to restore the nail - immediately after removing the shellac, you can apply a new coating;
• has no contraindications, except for individual intolerance.

Shellac coating

Interesting. Using nail accessories and combining different colors allows you to create a unique design. Hands always look well-groomed; nails covered with shellac do not require additional correction.

Additional Information. After visiting a good specialist in the first two weeks, the coated surface remains perfectly flat, does not crack or chip.

Detachment of gel polish

Why gel polish doesn’t stay on nails due to the master’s fault

Gel polish on nails most often does not stay on due to the fault of the master, although the process of performing a manicure does not present any particular difficulties, and the main reasons for the decorative coating coming off are the following violations of the technological process:

• there are remnants of microparticles of fat on the nail plate and adjacent areas;
• The base varnish is applied in too thick a layer, or its polymerization has not been fully completed (insufficient drying in the lamp);
• the free base of the nail was not sealed;
• poor quality preparation – the pterygium layer has not been removed from the plate near the cuticle;
• one of the layers (or all at once) is not dried well enough;
• The topmost layer of fixative (top) is not applied to the entire surface of the nail or lies unevenly.

Another common mistake of the master is that he uses varnishes from different ones due to different composition. Professionals recommend using base, primer, gel polish and top coat of the same brand.

Why do nails streak?

Gel polish can streak the nails and lie unevenly on the plate, and there are several reasons for this:

• the decorative coating has expired;
• loss of textural uniformity of gel polish;
• unevenness of the nail plate;
• not removing the sticky layer from the base.

It should be taken into account that any unevenness on the surface of the nail (grooves, roughness, tubercles) will be clearly visible even after applying gel polish - the coating completely repeats the relief of the plate, which leads to the appearance of stripes and uneven painting.

There are several options to solve the problem:

• It is worth preparing an ideal base for a colored coating, and this can be done using rubber material;
• before applying gel polish, gently roll the bottle with it in your palms - perhaps the pigment has simply settled, and shaking will solve the problem;
• remove the sticky layer from the base and dry the treated surface well;
• Apply both the decorative coating and the base in the thinnest possible layers and make 2 of them, thoroughly drying each in a lamp;
• apply gel polish with a drop, and then stretch it parallel to the nail (this is how you need to hold the brush).

Why did it become soft

Gel polish becomes soft even if the master fully complies with the technological process, and the reasons for this problem may be:

• weak/poor quality lamp - you should try to dry each layer of coating longer and carefully monitor the level of polymerization or change the bulbs/spirals/diodes to new ones;
• unsuitable lamp for gel polish - some brands produce coatings designed for drying only in “their” lamps;
• gel polish was applied, which is dried only in LED lamps, and the master uses a different type of lighting equipment.

The most common reason for the softness of a decorative coating is the expiration date of the material, but often there is a defect from the manufacturer.

Why does it flake?

Gel polish can begin to flake off literally in the first day after a manicure, and this problem is considered the most common, and its causes can be classic violations on the part of both the master and the girl/woman:

• the pterygium (a thin layer of skin on the nail near the cuticle) was poorly removed;
• the nail and the entire area around it were poorly degreased;
• the base, gel polish and top coat were applied in too thick layers and, as a result, did not fully polymerize;
• the top coat is applied unevenly;
• immediately after the manicure, the nails are in water;
• when working with any aggressive liquids, the girl/woman does not use gloves;
• manicure was applied during menstruation, pregnancy or in the acute phase of hormonal disorders.

To prevent gel polish from peeling off, you should remember three “don’ts”:

• the day before you cannot perform spa treatments or do oil manicures;
• in the first 10 hours, you should avoid prolonged dishwashing, hand washing and general cleaning;
• Using detergents, cleaners and any other aggressive liquids without gloves can cause the decorative coating to peel off.

Why does acrygel come off from nails?

Acrigel may come off from nails for the following reasons:

• during the preparation of the natural plate, the master cleaned the pterygium poorly;
• Initially, the cuticle was removed using a softener, and its particles remained on the nail;
• acrygel is placed too close to the cuticle and lateral skin ridges;
• the material is too liquid or too dry;
• Old ultraviolet lamps are used to dry the coating, but they do not polymerize the coating properly.

Also, acrygel can come off the nails if it is applied to a plate that is too long - the pressure on the tips of the nails increases, and the decorative layer begins to “spring.” In this case, the detachment of the material begins from the sides or directly at the cuticle itself.

Causes of detachment related to our body

We are all individual and so is the condition of the nail plate, so the same coating technique can be worn completely differently on different nails. Therefore, here it is worth “studying yourself” experimentally and finding the means that will help you solve the problem. And this could be:

1. Wetness of hands and nails . Some people have drier nails, while others, on the contrary, have a problem with hydration - excessive moisture. Fortunately, it can be easily solved: just use a “more powerful” primer - an acidic one, or even go over it twice before applying the base. For reliability, also treat the ends.
2. Brittle nails can lead to a decrease in the wear life of the coating. For example, due to its fragility, the tip of the nail is broken, and you decide to file or trim it to make it even. In this case, the edge of the nail will no longer be sealed, and there is a high probability of chipping at the end.
3. Gel polish wears worse on soft nails Here the problem is solved quite simply - you are prescribed a procedure for strengthening your nails with gel polish, and that’s it!
4. Lumps, grooves, stripes - all the irregularities that are present on the nails are also the reasons for reducing the wearing time of the coating. This can also be easily fixed - first straighten your nails with gel polish.
5. Some internal diseases of the body can lead to a decrease in the wearability of the coating: hormonal imbalances, diseases of the nervous system, diabetes, malfunctions of the immune system, taking antibiotics or undergoing surgery. These are all risk factors that are worth considering if all other causes have been ruled out.

In addition to the solutions indicated in each point, it is best to eliminate the root causes if possible, especially since it is very simple to cure brittle or soft nails in our time - there are many medicinal complexes and even folk remedies for this.

Why does gel polish come off the nail for natural reasons?

If all the technological subtleties of the process are strictly observed by the master, then you need to look for the reason why the gel polish comes off the nail in a woman/girl:

• Excessive hydration . This is the name of a condition in which a person's palms become very sweaty. A humid environment is a priori not conducive to a high-quality and durable manicure, so increased sweating leads to the gel polish coming off within 3-5 days after visiting the master.
• Too thin nail plate . This may be an individual characteristic of a woman or the result of using a manicure with gel polish for too long and constantly filing off its layer.
• The presence of tubercles or any irregularities on the surface of the nail plate . They reduce the quality of the “adhesion” of the decorative coating and the nail. The problem is solved simply - the master levels the surface with the thinnest layer of gel, which at the same time becomes the base coat.

Natural reasons for gel polish coming off the nail include hormonal disorders in a woman’s body, which can occur during pregnancy, diabetes, or current menstruation. Antibacterial drugs (if they are taken systematically for therapeutic purposes) and antidepressants accelerate the process of rejection of decorative coating.

Watch the video about the reasons for gel polish adjustment:

Why does the coating come off quickly and completely?

Detachment of the coating is associated with improper nail preparation and gel polish application technique. The main reasons why this happens:

• Improper processing of the natural nail plate is one of the most common culprits why gel polish peels off along with the base. It is important to completely remove the cuticle and sand the nail plate. Poorly removed gloss and dust residues interfere with the adhesion of the base coat and the nail. When sanding, the main thing is not to overdo it and not to grind down the nail plate too much. On a thin nail, the layer will adhere worse, and when drying in a lamp, painful sensations will occur.
• Insufficient degreasing or skipping this step is a typical mistake for beginners. The fat layer prevents the base from attaching well to the nail. It is necessary to wipe the plate with a napkin after grinding, paying special attention to the base of the nail and the area near the rollers.
• Use a primer or ultrabond to dehydrate. The gel does not apply well to nails that are not dry enough, so skipping this step is not recommended.
• It is very important to follow the application technique and monitor the thickness of the coating: too much material will not polymerize completely, and a thin layer will not provide the required strength. The gel should not get on the nail folds and cuticles.
• Anyone doing a manicure needs to monitor the condition of their lamp. If the radiation power is insufficient, the product will not polymerize. After some time, the coating will begin to swell, burst and peel off.
• The use of low-quality materials affects the final result.
  If the master or you decide to save on the base, top and pigment, then there is nothing to be surprised about the short-lived manicure. It is advisable to use products from American manufacturers or other proven brands. It is also not recommended to combine materials from different companies, especially for beginners. As a rule, experienced craftsmen come to their favorite manufacturers and products through trial and error.
• Many girls neglect manicure care. It is better not to come into contact with water for the first 2 hours after the procedure and not to test the strength of the manicure with excessive mechanical stress.

It is impossible to exclude the influence of individual characteristics of the body on the final result. Under their influence, the same manicure can be worn differently.

1. Humidity has a negative impact on the durability of the coating, and some people suffer from overhydration.
2. On a thin nail plate, the gel adheres worse, and the strength of the nail is less - there is a risk of breaking it. To avoid this, you need to strengthen the nail with gel.
3. The presence of irregularities, tubercles, and cracks reduce the quality of adhesion between the coating and the nail. Before applying gel polish, you need to level the nail plate. Many masters do this with gel, simultaneously using it as a base coat.
4. Taking antibiotics, antidepressants, diabetes, hormonal imbalances and even the phase of the female cycle can cause coating detachment.

Why does gel polish peel off at the tips of my nails?

Gel polish peels off at the tips of the nails for several reasons:

• At the end, the applied layer simply did not seal. This happens especially often when working with short nails, but if the master does not paint the end of the plate, then peeling of the decorative coating is almost guaranteed.
• The rule of abstaining from water treatments for 2-3 hours after a manicure with gel polish is not observed. Professionals recommend that before visiting a specialist, you should refrain from washing dishes and any work with water for 3-4 hours.
• A woman independently files the tip of a nail with gel polish applied to it. The layer that sealed the end of the plate is removed, the coating begins to crack, which leads to its detachment.

If it moves away from the cuticle

Gel polish comes off the cuticle, most often due to violations by the master of the technology of the manicure process, in particular:

• the cuticle was not completely trimmed before applying the base and decorative coating;
• the plate was not cleared of pterygium;
• The gel polish lay down near the cuticle like a roller, a “step”.

The listed factors provoke the formation of voids between the gel polish layer and the plate or cuticle; air bubbles accumulate in them, which leads to detachment of the coating.

Why does it wear off on the tips of the nails?

The gel polish on the tips of the nails often wears off, but this happens only for mechanical reasons:

• cleaning of the house/apartment is carried out with aggressive agents and without protective gloves;
• washing dishes using detergents and steel wool;
• using too aggressive body scrubs;
• visiting a bathhouse or sauna earlier than 5 days after a gel polish manicure.

These provoking factors can be easily eliminated; you just need to follow the rules for caring for nails with gel polish to avoid abrasion of the decorative coating on the tips.

Reasons for chipping of gel-based coating on the tips

The causes of chipped ends most often lie in poor technique and improper care:

1. The layer is not sealed at the end. Some masters are guilty of this, especially when they work with short lengths. If you don't paint the end, the coating will probably start to chip.
2. Sometimes clients apply the layer themselves when they adjust their clothes, pick up the phone, or put their hand under a lamp.
3. Improper care after the procedure makes the manicure short-lived. It is better to avoid water for several hours before and after the procedure, but many girls neglect this.
4. Gel polish is a fairly durable material, but it cannot withstand severe or frequent mechanical damage. Impacts or scratches damage the integrity of the coating.
5. You cannot adjust the length or file the nail yourself, otherwise the coating may crack.
6. Thin nails will probably break off under gel polish, thereby causing chips.

Why does shellac quickly peel off like a film?

Shellac can quickly peel off and come off like a thin film, not only due to the fault of the master; often the problem lies in:

• using completely incompatible finishing and color coatings;
• applying a layer of top (fixing) to poorly dried gel polish;
• incomplete baking (polymerization) of coating layers;
• thickening of the top, the end of its shelf life.

In the above cases, it is the top coat that will peel off as a thin film, but the color layer will remain unchanged. True, the latter will become duller and will be more susceptible to mechanical/chemical damage.

Chips on nails with gel polish: reasons

The main reason for chipping gel polish on nails is mechanical damage: the tip of the nail receives blows, a woman/girl uses her nails as a screwdriver, a picker, or even tweezers. Despite the declared strength of gel polish, such use of it leads to chips - they can form at the tip of the nail, on the sides, and in close proximity to the cuticle.

It is not the master’s fault for chips; the absence of such damage can only be ensured by a girl/woman by following the “safety precautions” of wearing a manicure with gel polish.

If the gel polish on your nails chips, how to fix it, stick it on

There are several ways to fix or glue gel polish after it has chipped off on your nails: decorate the problem area with rhinestones or other colors of decorative coating, or completely replace the gel polish.

The easiest way to do the last option is to cut off the existing coating, degrease the surface of the plate, apply all the necessary layers one by one and dry with great care in a lamp. It is highly advisable to find out the reason for the peeling/chipping of the gel polish, and if this happened due to the fault of the master, then you need to take into account the mistakes and prevent their recurrence.

Watch the video about what to do if the gel polish breaks off:

A less labor-intensive, but very effective way to mask chips/flaking with another varnish. It is advisable if the problem has formed near the cuticle. In this case, you can draw a stripe with a contrasting color of varnish or create any shape, do a French manicure or a “moon smile” (the choice depends only on the location of the chip). You just need to apply several layers of coating and wait for each of them to dry completely.

If the decorative coating has broken off on the side of the nail plate or near the cuticle, then this place can be disguised with rhinestones, appliqué, or shiny spraying. But this option is only possible if the volume of the problem area is small; a layer of transparent gel will need to be applied under the rhinestones/stickers.

Important: it is advisable to correct chipped gel polish on nails using “camouflage” methods only if less than 10 days have passed since the manicure was performed. After the specified period, it will only be possible to completely remove the decorative coating and perform the procedure again.

Effective ways to fix the problem

If you have a problem with a small part of your nail chipping, you don’t have to make an appointment with a specialist. You can solve the problem yourself: use a glass file to file the deformed part evenly. Visually, one nail, slightly shorter than the rest, will not be noticeable.

How to make shellac

If the broken piece of shellac is large , and the defect cannot be hidden by simply cutting it off, you need to use the following recommendations:

• Conceal the exposed area: paint it with regular varnish to match the shellac and cover it with a transparent color on top. However, it is not always possible to select the exact varnish;
• If you can’t find a matching varnish, you can hide the gap with a French manicure, doing it on all nails. You don't have to choose white. It can be a shiny varnish, a tone darker or lighter than shellac.
• Glue a designer sticker imitating a design onto part of the nail or place one or more rhinestones in the form of a figure.
• Make your own drawing: drop a few drops of multi-colored regular varnishes and draw wavy lines through them. You will get an unusual flower.

After completing the application of nail designs or accessories, be sure to cover the surface with clear varnish.

Note ! If a large chip occurs immediately after visiting a specialist, then you need to immediately contact him to fix the problem.

Hand care

If gel polish peels off, how to fix it at home

If the gel polish has peeled off, and it is not possible to visit a specialist, then you can correct the defect yourself at home and even without special tools or equipment, for this it is recommended:

1. Use a file to sharpen the problem area - you need to remove the sharp edges of the chip and “soften” them a little.
2. Degrease the surface of the “hearth”.
3. Apply a drop of varnish that best matches the color of the existing decorative coating (you can also play with contrast).
4. Use a brush to evenly distribute the layer of varnish and dry it - you will have to wait 15-20 minutes without a lamp.
5. Apply a second coat of varnish and dry again for 20 minutes.
6. Completely cover the nail plate with a transparent sealer.

Degrease the surface of the “hearth”.
Apply a drop of varnish that best matches the decorative coating. Dry for 20 minutes. Completely cover the nail plate with a transparent sealer. This method of “disguising” will not return the manicure to its former ideality, but it will make the nails neat and “postpone” the time of visiting the master for mandatory correction.

Why does gel polish last a long time on nails, how to extend its life

Gel polish lasts a long time on the nails, because the process of performing a manicure involves filing off a layer from the surface of the plate, completely leveling it, degreasing and subsequent drying of each material used. You can strictly extend the period of wearing it by observing certain conditions:

• dry each applied material completely, this also applies to the primer;
• base, gel polish and top are applied exclusively in thin layers;
• Before applying any material, you need to “squeeze” the brush - this is done by pressing on the edge of the bottle;
• the applied product must cover the nail plate completely;
• You should work simultaneously with a maximum of 2 nails, which will prevent the gel from spreading and penetrating under the side skin folds;
• strictly adhere to the drying time of the material in the lamp;
• Be sure to “solder” the ends.

Example of applying gel polish
These conditions must be observed by both the master and the girl/woman herself if she gives herself a manicure with gel polish at home.

How long does it last normally?

Normally, gel polish lasts on nails for at least 3 weeks. There are women whose manicure remains flawless for up to 6 weeks of wear - their own nails grow slowly, the rules for “exploitation” of the decorative coating are followed.

Means for extending the period

The main means for extending the wearing period of gel polish are:

• Conducting proper preparation. The day before visiting the master, you should not do general cleaning, do laundry by hand, take a hot bath, or visit the sauna/bathhouse. It is recommended to categorically avoid contact of nails with aggressive liquids during this time period.
• Proper pre-treatment of nails. The best option is to perform a manicure using a special device and a cutter. The most important thing is complete, high-quality removal of the cuticle and pterygium (skin film on the nail plate). It is necessary to reduce the likelihood of skin injury to zero - if there are bruises or hematomas, it is impossible to apply gel polish properly.
• Carrying out high-quality grinding of the plate surface. Manipulation is performed with a special buff; it is especially important to pay attention to the area around the cuticle and nail folds. If the buff does not allow you to thoroughly treat these areas, then you can use a soft nail file. When choosing the latter with a highly abrasive surface, there is a high chance of damaging the skin around the nail plate.

• Degreasing. This is a mandatory stage in manicure, on which the adhesion of the decorative coating to the nail depends. The product is applied to the plate with a napkin, the root and sides are treated especially carefully. Experts recommend using special degridation solutions at this stage - primer, ultrabond. They are needed to be on the safe side, even if your hands have not been in contact with water, and in case of increased sweating, they are applied in two layers.
• Compliance with application technique. The base should lie in an even layer without bleeding or getting on the cuticle, and if this happens, then the “excess” is removed with an orange stick before placing the nail in the lamp. The thickness of the applied layer should be medium, you need to work with the material quickly so that it does not spread. It is important to “seal” each layer at the end of the nail.

Technique for applying gel polish
It is important to properly care for your manicure. For example, when working in the garden or cleaning/cleaning/washing with aggressive agents, you should use rubber gloves. You should avoid keeping your nails in water for a long time only for the first 2 hours, and you should not go to the bathhouse/sauna only for the first 24 hours. It is important to protect your nails from mechanical damage - even a slight blow to the decorative layer will cause chipping and delamination.

What to do to extend the durability of the coating if the varnish regularly chips

When handled with care, shellac coating is highly durable and durable. How long the manicure will last depends on the choice of the artist. Give preference to proven salons, where you can see photos of the master’s finished work with reviews from visitors. If you want to win the hearts of men and arouse the envy of women, discover the private collection of L'Oreal Color Riche lipsticks.

The deciding factor when choosing a salon should not be the low cost of the procedure. High-quality materials and professional work cannot be cheap.

If you do your manicure at home, use only fresh Shellac. When thickened, they form a thick layer with air bubbles. Air pockets cause the coating to peel off. It is better to use the same brand of materials and give preference to products from trusted manufacturers. A ready-made solution for creating perfect lip makeup is the Maybelline lipstick palette.

Each layer of coating should be thin and dry well. This also applies to creating ombre with gel polish, because then several tones are mixed. Multi-varnishes, which do not require the application of a top and base, are less durable than three-stage gel polishes.

After a manicure with gel polish, it is necessary to protect your nails from mechanical damage and exposure to chemicals for 10-12 hours. During this period, the coating has not yet completely hardened and is easily damaged. The uncured coating should also be protected from excessively humid environments and overheating. What to do if your lips are chapped.

Application secrets

A visit to the pool and sauna should not be planned the day after the manicure. Find out what's special about Maybelline Color Sensation lipstick here.

Using rubber gloves when washing dishes, doing laundry, and wet cleaning helps prolong the durability of your manicure.

Rubber products protect shellac from water, detergents, and contact with chemically aggressive components. It is better if the gloves are without talc. The coating must be removed using special means. Before getting a manicure, find out why your polish bubbles and how to avoid it.

The marigolds are placed inside foil envelopes with liquid and left for 5-10 minutes. After the gel polish has softened, it can be easily removed with a stick. It is not recommended to file off the coating; this procedure greatly weakens the nails. Read this article about why gel polish cracks.

What to do if shellac is peeling off

If, even if the process technology is followed and natural causes are excluded, the shellac peels off, then it is worth carefully studying the materials and equipment that are used in the work.

You need to pay attention to:

• manufacturers of base, gel polish and top coat - it is better if it is not China, but well-known brands;
• use coatings for step-by-step application, rather than universal “3in1” or “2in1” options;
• bottles with base, gel and top should be stored in a dark place and strictly monitor their expiration dates;
• control the condition of the “consumables” - a greasy layer may form on the buff, and worn files will leave cuts on the surface of the nail;
• change lamps in lighting equipment - according to the instructions, this is done once every 3-6 months, monitor the power of the device;
• You need to change the cutter attachments on a manicure machine once every 2-3 months, monitor the condition of the machine - it can become loose over time, which causes strong vibration.

We recommend reading the article about what you need to know when choosing a lamp for gel polish. From it you will learn why you need a lamp for gel polish, how it works, and how to choose a lamp for drying gel polish. And here is more information about how to remove shellac at home.

Gel polish is used for long-term manicures, but sometimes after just a few hours/days the decorative coating comes off, and chipping and delamination can occur. This can be avoided by following the process technology, proper care after applying the decorative coating and the right choice of materials and equipment for the work.

Advice from experienced manicurists

To ensure that the manicure lasts a long time, looks great , and does not cause health problems, it is worth considering some points:

• Be sure to disinfect tools and the surface of the nail. Under a dense layer of shellac, if infection with microorganisms occurs, they multiply rapidly. This leads to fungal diseases and inflammatory processes.
• Polish the nail plate only on dry nails. When they are moistened, the pores expand and the layers soften, which leads to damage.
• Use oil to soften cuticles and moisturize the nail plate daily, morning and evening. It has a cumulative effect.
• The base is of great importance when applying shellac. It must be of very high quality. The duration of the manicure depends on its durability.

With proper preparation for a manicure using shellac and compliance with the conditions for careful care, your nails will always look perfect. There will be no peeling of the gel polish and no unpleasant chipping.